BRIEF IDEA ABOUT PILES (Hemorrhoids)
Dilatation of radicals of the rectal veins within the anal canal is commonly called piles and the correct medical term for piles is hemorrhoids. Compared to arteries in the body veins are weak due to the thin walls and hence any back pressure in the veins can make them tortuous. There are three rectal veins namely superior, middle and inferior rectal veins. Any obstructions or increase of pressure in these veins can predispose piles.
Depending upon the situation there are two types of piles, external and internal.
External piles - This type of piles is seen outside the anal opening and is covered by skin. It is black or brown in color. This type of piles is very painful due to rich nerve supply in this area.
Internal piles -These occur inside the anal canal and internal to the anal orifice. They are covered by a mucous membrane and are red or purple in color. These piles are normally painless.
On occasions internal and external piles occur in same individual.
Factors responsible for piles - This is a familial disease. Piles are seen only in animals maintaining an erect posture, apes and humans. This is due to congestion in the rectal veins due to the effect of gravity.
They are common in individuals having chronic constipation. Those who have a habit of visiting the toilet due to frequent urge to pass a stool may develop piles in future.
Piles are common in those who take excess of chicken, prawns, spicy food etc. Those who take vegetables and fibrous food are rarely affected.
Some females develop piles during pregnancy due to compression of rectal veins by the uterus.Cancerous lesions in the rectum can obstruct blood flow and result in piles.
Some signs and symptoms of piles are, pain, pain is common in external piles which will be worse while straining at stool. Bleeding, bleeding comes in splashes while pressing for stool. Bleeding may be profuse in some cases. Protruding mass, in external piles the swelling can be felt around the anal orifice. In case of internal piles initially it can not be felt. When the disease progresses the piles protrude during stool and will go inside automatically. When the condition becomes worse the protruded piles will not go back in to the anus. In some cases there will be discharge of mucus with itching around the anal orifice.
Complications of piles come in the form of infection, the infection can spread to deep veins resulting in septicaemia. Fibrosis, here the piles become fibrosed with hardening of anal orifice. Thrombosis, here the blood inside the piles will form clots and can obstruct blood flow. Gangrene, here the tissues in the piles and nearby skin die due to lack of blood supply. Suppuration, when the piles suppurate it can produce abscess with discharge of pus.
Treatment of piles:--
Initially pi;es are treated on the basis of symptoms. Constipation should be treated without delay. If there is anemia iron should be give. Homoeopathic medicines can give good results. If medicinal treatment is not giving any result the following can be tried.
The thrombosed external pile is excised under local anesthesia. Sclerosant injection therapy can reduce the size of piles. Rubber band ligation around the neck of piles is useful in some cases. Cryosurgery is very effective. Anal dilatation can reduce constipation and pain. Haemorrhoidectomy is the surgical removal of piles.
How to prevent piles?
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Take fibrous food. Avoid excess intake of meat, prawns, crabs etc. Keep a regular timing for food. Drink sufficient quantity of water. Keep a regularity in bowel habits. Take treatment for constipation.